Resumo Realizamos um inventário de herbáceas ripárias em uma floresta de terra firme da Amazônia brasileira localizada na região do baixo Rio Tapajós, para samambaias, licófitas e monocotiledôneas não-palmeiras. Oito parcelas de 1,5 × 250 m, totalizando 0,3 hectares, foram amostradas ao longo das bacias hidrográficas dos Rios Cupari e Curuá-Una, localizados na Floresta Nacional do Tapajós, Pará, Brasil. Para caracterizar a comunidade herbácea, calculamos a riqueza, a abundância e o alfa de Fisher para cada parcela. Para analisar a dissimilaridade, comparamos a composição de espécies entre parcelas através da distância Bray-Curtis par-a-par. No total, foram amostrados 3.130 indivíduos, 58 espécies, 27 gêneros e 20 famílias de herbáceas ripárias terrestres. Marantaceae (14 spp) é a família com a maior riqueza e Poaceae a mais abundante (738 indivíduos). A samambaia Triplophyllum glabrum (Tectariaceae) é a espécie mais comum entre as parcelas, observada em 87,5 % delas. As comunidades de herbáceas terrestres têm alta substituição de espécies na área estudada, mostrando a necessidade de investimento de tempo e de recursos para caracterizar e manejar habitats ripários. A composição das comunidades de herbáceas terrestres ripárias observada aqui se assemelha a de sítios de florestas de terra firme não ripárias na Amazônia, sendo as famílias Marantaceae, Pteridaceae e Poaceae geralmente as mais representativas do estrato herbáceo amazônico. Destacamos aqui a importância de inventários de herbáceas terrestres, particularmente em unidades de conservação.

Abstract We conducted an inventory of the fern, lycophyte and non-palm monocotyledon ground-herbs of terra firme riparian forests in the lower Tapajós region of the Brazilian Amazon. Eight 1.5 × 250 m plots, totaling 0.3 hectares, were surveyed along the watersheds of the Cupari and Curuá-Una rivers, located at the Tapajós National Forest, Pará, Brazil. To characterize the ground-herb community, we calculated species richness, abundance and Fisher’s alpha for each plot. To analyze turnover, we compared composition among plots by pairwise Bray-Curtis distance. In total, we sampled 3,130 individuals, 58 species, 27 genera and 20 families of riparian ground-herbs. Marantaceae (14 spp) was the richest family and Poaceae the most abundant family (738 individuals). The fern Triplophyllum glabrum (Tectariaceae) was the most frequent species, observed in 87.5 % of plots. Ground-herbs communities in the studied area have high species turnover, making it necessary to invest time and resources to adequately characterize and manage riparian habitats. The ground-herb community composition observed in the riparian zone here resembles that of other non-riparian forested sites in the Amazon with the plant families Marantaceae, Pteridaceae and Poaceae generally being the most commonly represented in the Amazonian ground-herb stratum. We highlight the importance of herb inventories, especially in conservation units.

The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of dental trauma and associated factors among a sample of patients with severe cerebral palsy. The sample was made up of 120 individuals equally divided into two groups. The group with cerebral palsy was made up of 60 patients diagnosed with the spastic form of the disease. The control group was made up of 60 individuals with no mental impairment. Questionnaires were used to collect information on individual, socioeconomic and behavioral characteristics. Dental trauma was assessed based on the clinical chart of each participant, on a questionnaire and on a clinical evaluation to determine past injuries. Mouth mirrors and millimeter periodontal probes (Community Periodontal Index probe) were used to measure overjet. Lip seal and breathing type were determined during the clinical exams and interviews. Statistical analysis involved the chi-square test (p < 0.05) and multivariate logistic regression (forward stepwise procedure). The prevalence of dental trauma was greater among individuals with cerebral palsy (18%) than in the control group (5%), with the difference achieving statistical significance (p = 0.023). Individuals with lip incompetence had a greater chance of exhibiting dental trauma (OR [CI 95%] = 3.81 [1.19-12.24]). The prevalence of dental trauma among individuals with cerebral palsy was high. A lack of lip seal was identified as a factor directly associated to this prevalence.

ABSTRACT This exploratory, descriptive study took a quantitative approach to ascertain the incidence of breast cancer risk factors among women in chemotherapy. The sample of 58 women with breast cancer were receiving care at the Oncology Outpatient Clinic, at Cirurgia Hospital, Aracaju (Sergipe State) in 2008. Data were collected, from June to December 2008, using a structured interview script applied during the nursing appointment. Risk factors strongly associated with cancer were age 50 years or older in 32 women (predominance rate of 55.17%); a family history of breast cancer in 22(37.93%); and late menopause in 17(44.73%). Identification of risk factors is believed to offer a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in this pathology.

RESUMEN Estudio de abordaje cuantitativo con carácter descriptivo-exploratorio tuvo como objetivo verificar la incidência de factores de riesgo relacionados al cáncer de mama en mujeres sujetadas a quimioterapia en 2008. La muestra fue constituída por 58 mujeres, atendidas en el Dispensario de Oncología del Hospital de Cirurgía, en Aracaju/SE-Brasil. La recolección de dados fue cumplida en el período de junio a diciembre de 2008, a través de un formulario de entrevista estructurado aplicado durante la consulta de enfermería. Entre los factores de riesgo que tuvieron fuerte asociación con la enfermedad fueron encontradas prevalencias de 32(55,17%) mujeres con edad de 50 años o más; 22 (37,93%) con antecedente familiar de cáncer de mama y 17(44,73%) con menopausia tardía. Se acredita que la identificación de los factores de riesgo favorece la mejor comprensión de los mecanismos envueltos en esa patologia.

RESUMO Estudo de abordagem quantitativa de caráter descritivo-exploratório teve como objetivo verificar a incidência de fatores de risco relacionados ao câncer de mama em mulheres submetidas a quimioterapia. A amostra foi constituída por 58 mulheres com câncer de mama, atendidas no Ambulatório de Oncologia do Hospital de Cirurgia, Aracaju/SE. A coleta dos dados foi realizada no período de junho a dezembro de 2008, através de um formulário de entrevista estruturado aplicado durante a consulta de enfermagem. Entre os fatores de risco que tiveram forte associação com a neoplasia foram as prevalências de idade igual ou maior que 50 anos em 32(55,17%) mulheres; antecedente familiar de câncer de mama em 22(37,93%); e menopausa tardia em 17(44,73%). Acredita-se que a identificação dos fatores de risco favorece a melhor compreensão dos mecanismos envolvidos nessa patologia.

Descriptive-exploratory study of quantitative approach, The goal of this study was to know and to evaluate the self care practices by women with a breast cancer diagnosis undergoing chemotherapy in a state-owned oncology ambulatory of Sergipe, Brazil. Data collection was carried through with 58 women registered at the oncology ambulatory of Hospital Cirurgia, from July to December, 2008, on the basis of a script for a structured interview, applied during the nursing consultation. Results showed that 30 (51.72%) women had 3 meals daily; 52(89.85%) take in from 5 to 10 glasses of liquid per day; 9(15.52%) had dental brushing after each meal; 37(63.8%) hydrated their skin; 2(3.84%) did not protect their scalps; 41(95.36%) controlled nausea and vomits with prescribed medication; 5(8.62%) were regularly in closed in and crowded places. There was evidence that during their treatment, none of the interviewees abided by the self-care actions recommended through nursing assistance sessions.

Estudio descriptivo-exploratorio de abordaje cuantitativo, cuyos objetivos fueron conocer y evaluar las prácticas de autocuidado de las mujeres con diagnóstico de cáncer de mama que realizan quimioterapia en un ambulatorio público de oncología de Sergipe-Brasil. La recopilación de datos fue realizada con 53 mujeres registradas en la clínica del oncología del Hospital Cirugía a través de un guión de entrevistas estructuradas utilizadas, en el período de julio el diciembre de 2008, durante la consulta de enfermería. Los resultados evidenciaron que 30(51.72%) mujeres realizan tres comidas diariamente; 52(89.85%) injieren de 5 a 10 tazas de líquido por día; 9 (15.52%) hacían el cepillado después de cada comida; 37(63.8%) hidrataban la piel; 2 (3.84%) no protegían el cuero cabeludo; 41(95.36%) controlaban náuseas y vomitos con medicación prescrita; 5 (8,62%) frecuentaban lugares cerrados y llenados. Se constató que, durante la quimioterapia, ninguna de las entrevistadas hizo adhesión correcta a las acciones de autocuidado orientadas a través de la consulta de enfermería.

Estudo descritivo-exploratório de abordagem quantitativa, cujos objetivos foram conhecer e avaliar as práticas de autocuidado das mulheres com diagnóstico de câncer de mama submetidas à quimioterapia num ambulatório público de oncologia de Sergipe. A coleta de dados foi realizada com 58 mulheres cadastradas no ambulatório de oncologia do Hospital Cirurgia, no período de junho a dezembro de 2008, através de um roteiro de entrevista estruturada, aplicado durante a consulta de enfermagem. Os resultados evidenciaram que 30 (51,72%) mulheres realizavam três refeições diárias; 52 (89,85%) ingeriam de 5 a 10 copos de líquido por dia; 9 (15,52%) faziam escovação dentária a cada refeição; 37 (63,8%) hidratavam a pele; 2 (3,84%) não protegiam o couro cabeludo; 41 (95,36%) controlavam as náuseas e vômitos com medicação prescrita; 5 (8,62%) frequentavam ambientes fechados e lotados. Constatou-se que, durante o tratamento, nenhuma das entrevistadas aderiu corretamente às ações de autocuidado orientadas através da consulta de enfermagem.

This descriptive-exploratory and quantitative approach study aimed at evaluating the access to measures of precocious detection and the knowledge by women having undergone chemotherapy for breast cancer. Data was collected by means of structured interviews with 58 women registered in the clinic of oncology of the Hospital Cirurgia, located in Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil, in 2008. Most women were between 41 to 60 years of age, had little education, and family income of up to 2 minimum wages. Fifty women (86.2%) reported having never seen a mastologist nor having undergone screening exams for breast cancer, even acknowledging the purpose of breast self-exams. Thirty-five (60.3%) were found to be in advanced stages of breast cancer. The difficult access to measures of precocious detection and lack of guidance from health professionals can compromise the cure rate of women with breast cancer.

Este estudio, descriptivo-exploratorio con abordaje cuantitativo, tuvo como objetivos evaluar el acceso a las medidas de detección precoz y el conocimiento de mujeres sometidas a quimioterapia acerca del câncer de mama . La recogida de datos foi utilizada con 58 mujeres registradas en el ambulatorio de oncología de uma clínica quirúrgica localizada en Aracaju-Sergipe-Brasil, por meio de entrevista estructurada, em 2008 . Se identificó que la mayoría de las mujeres se encontraba entre 41 y 60 años de edad, con bajo grado de escolaridad y renta familiar hasta dos salarios mínimos. Se observó que 50(86,2%) de las mujeres nunca fueron al mastologista y que nunca realizaran algún tipo de examen para rastreo de la neoplasia; 24(41,4%) desconocían la patología, mismo conociendo la finalidad del autoexamen y 35(60,3%) se encontraban en estadios avanzados. El difícil acceso a las medidas de detección precoz y la falta de orientación de los profesionales de salud pueden implicar en la tasa de cura en mujeres con cáncer de mama.

Este estudo, descritivo-exploratório de abordagem quantitativa, objetivou avaliar o acesso às medidas de detecção precoce e o conhecimento de mulheres submetidas a quimioterapia acerca do câncer de mama. A coleta de dados foi realizada com 58 mulheres cadastradas no ambulatório de oncologia de uma clínica cirúrgica, localizada em Aracaju-Sergipe, por meio de entrevista estruturada, em 2008. Identificou-se que a maioria das mulheres se encontrava entre 41 e 60 anos de idade, com baixo grau de escolaridade e renda familiar até dois salários mínimos. Observou-se que 50(86,2%) mulheres nunca tinham sido consultadas pelo mastologista e não tinham realizado algum tipo de exame para rastreamento da neoplasia; 24(41,4%) desconheciam a patologia, mesmo conhecendo a finalidade do autoexame das mamas e 35(60,3%) encontravam-se em estádios avançados. O difícil acesso às medidas de detecção precoce e a falta de orientação dos profissionais de saúde podem comprometer a taxa de cura em mulheres com câncer de mama.

An alternative to etching enamel for retention of an adhesive is to grow crystals on the enamel surface. The potential advantages of crystal growth include easy procedure and less damage to the enamel. These crystals retain the adhesive or are the actual dental restoration. In this work, a paste of synthetic enamel was used to grow crystals of fluoride hydroxyapatite (F-HA) onto the human tooth surface. This technique can be used for several dentistry applications like enamel whitening, strengthening and restoration of early carie lesions. The low cost of reagents and simplicity of the technique along with the biocompatibility of the paste render possible the utilization on the market. The samples were prepared through the application of the paste by the incremental technique. The results obtained by scanning electron microscope (SEM)/EDX have indicated the deposition of a homogeneous layer of calcium phosphate that was grown onto the enamel substrate. The average thickness of the deposited film was in the range of 50-100 µm and with a similar density from the natural enamel observed by radiographic images.

Several techniques have been utilized for the preparation of hydroxyapatite (HA) and other calcium phosphates for the development of biomaterials. It is vital to know the reaction kinetics to be able to control the material obtained by the aqueous solution route. In the present work, HA has been produced by different wet precipitation processes and different experimental conditions. Calcium hydroxide, calcium phosphate, ammonium phosphate and phosphoric acid were used as reagents. The precipitate was dried at 100 °C overnight and then some samples were treated at 900 °C for 2 h. The powder samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. SEM photomicrographs showed an aggregate powder, granular to dense and suggested typical columnar particles. Qualitative XRF showed that the main components of HA powders were calcium and phosphorus. Pure HA and other phases according to processing parameters were observed by XRD analysis.